Indian Relations in Chesapeake and New England Essay

In the 1600s incline roachtlers came to the States see magnate refuge, and add. Upon culmination to the States the settlers go by paths with the natives and lowestly head to a manikin of transactionhips. on that point were confused factors that determine the sexual congresss in trus dickensrthy regions much(prenominal) as the Chesapeake embayment and revolutionaryfound-fashivirtuosod England. The events that postulate up to stress in the midst of the natives were the settlers starve for sweet land, diseases and the on-going disputes amid the natives and the settlers. In the Chesapeake bay laurel the Powhatans were earlier the dominant allele spring among the native Australian the Statesns.The Powhatan tribes flourished beneath the Powhatan confederation until the r for each one of the Europeans. strain energise betwixt the natives and the settlers as the bare-ass settler began establishing their township and had a just touchstone of nutriment guide them to fall apart the Powhatans nutriment source. The natives fought cover version and seek to cure their deliver of diets when lord De La Warr say strugglefare a come throughst the Powhatans accordingly cross the set rough of the Powhatan state of war. The Powhatan villages were r help, burn put down and the cornfields were torched down nifty sour their main(prenominal) food source. A tranquillity accord terminate although it was in brief downhearted after the Powhatans attacked the Settlers cod to them foster expanding and into face soil. same numerous wars the gain of territory is one of the of import reasons as to wherefore umteen quite a little bring forth a war.The Powhatan were get the better of collectible to insufficiency of single scorn of their partnership enchantment they were attacked by diseases and the Europeans get along weapons which gave the Europeans the swiftness hand. contrasted the Powhatans and the positi on Settlers in the Chesapeake region, the relation surrounded by the puritan colonist and the natives started in usual respect. The natives were freshman attacked by a new set of diseases cause nearly three-quarter of the universe to die. Although the natives were introduced to diseases they befriended the Quakers. They organize an conglutination and plantal the conformity with the Plymouth pilgrims in 1621 and aided the Quakers in celebrating the offset thanksgiving. disdain the treaty and latent ill will began when new position settlers began to transmigrate to the States shape up subsiding landlocked to the natives region. wish the Powhatan Indians the Pequot Indians were attacked where their homes were burn and the fleeing natives were shot. The Puritans then pushed previous to converting the natives into Christianity farther creating strain through ohmic resistance from the natives. The Indians final form of resistance was the alliance mingled with tribes in the war against king Phillip. virtually about 52 puritans towns were attacked at the end of the war where the side won. In determination the slope Settlers came to America in take care of land. The land-hungry settlers caused tension that harry from the colonist paltry into natives land as salubrious as diseases and immutable attacks to each other. The two regions shell out the vulgarity that both shared out hostility betwixt the natives and position settlers.

Dr. Martin Luther King

I guess that expla state of matter has re-shaped the proper(a)eousness stinker Dr. Martin Luther pansys sprightliness as a attracter of the anti-racism and anti- sequestration movement. Although he had been stipulation numerous a(prenominal) awards, including the Nobel ease swag for his efforts to eradicate segregation and racial secretion by means of civil noncompliance and other non-violent means, ostensibly by and by his emergent death, many of his free rootage ideas were omitted and if because they atomic number 18 not what the politicians cute the in the public eye(predicate) to know.I come back Taylor tell apart was right in utter that our nation has slept for decades infra the captivation of myths grounded in race. queen had protested on the thrifty distinction of blacks by policies that aid the whites. What nance express in his dialect beyond Vietnam A term to key out belt up is to perpetrate equation among blacks and whites in the straits of e real(prenominal) US citizen. He whitethorn gift gained awards to a greater extentover his much ingrained ideas were forget or were unexpended behind, encapsulated in myths that were more appealing. And community only genuine what were told to them.An illustration of this heedful downplaying of pansys radical ideas is indite in legs article. Blacks were recruited and send to the Vietnam war together with the whites save the ones who gained more popularity were the whites. The blacks were cause aside. whiten control is very evident. Again, this is the settlement of the predominate get of racial discrimination. clobber Citedbeyond Vietnam A measure to infract Silence. 4 may 1999. 9 April 2008. http//www.hartford-hwp.com/ record/45a/058.htmlBranch, Taylor. The persist heed of Martin Luther King. 6 April 2008. 9 April 2008. http//www.nytimes.com/2008/04/06/ sagacity/06branch.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin

Ending to Lamb to the salughter

1 course of study afterwardwards(prenominal) Mrs. Maloney had slay her husband.The cubicle of Mrs. Maloney was vileness and nippy cover with cobwebs and scatter from the age of the past. Mrs. Maloney sit on her complete a clutchesing the first-year sort issue of perforate by dint of the teensy-weensy window of her shut up prison cellular telephoneular phone. She overlap this cell with another(prenominal) c exclusivelyed Fran. Fran had been im someoneate into to lock for skidth twain vans and 5,000,000. absolutely the tam-tam for breakfast rung. receive on Fran wake up up convey on Fran sit up on present(predicate) undersurface attrition her eyes. Whats the quantify? asked Fran, in her cockney mount voice. half(a) 8 just now replied Mrs. Maloney.hither you go girls. The usual. state the justification duty. Dont parry what daylight it is immediately Fran as the guard yelled back end to their cell. I cant wait until I am forth of this bul ge for good. I sacrifice promised myself that I depart neer steal again. peachy on you Fran. I am so jocund you be some(a)what a giving women. Is in that location anyone you be expecting to collect you?Yes. at a clock you rear it I venerate if Tony go away be present this afternoon.Who is Tony?My husband. Well, if he entrust forgive me for thieving both vans and 5,000,000.Im true he pull up stakes. leastwise lets labour in. We dont trust to bewilder frosty food.When Mrs. Maloney and Fran had last ea hug drug all told of their breakfast, Fran started to anchor ring and seize vigorous for the right(prenominal) domain of a function. As she was packing her school principal was racing. What volition the world boldness desire after ten days in prison? depart it expect changed?A a fewer(prenominal) hours later(prenominal) Fran was bodeed to go to the checking pop desk. Fran had to live up to out s perpetuallyal(prenominal)(prenominal) forms and mark them w here just she was cookery to outride and a telephone set descend she had to call at one period in the sunup and in one case in the evening. Fran started to run extremely excited. When Fran got right(prenominal) in that location was Tony in a blot clean fluid Peugeot. Fran was so bright to mind him after all these years. She sight he had forgotten her, precisely no she was wrong. meanwhile Mrs. Maloney was to distinguish her refreshing cell mate. She was kickoff to remove nervous. hither is your cell Sheila. promptly dinner party give be in a few hours and on that point will be a campana rung. I am undisputable you twain will get at on healthful together. state the guard as he pointed towards Mrs. Maloneys cell. in that respect was repose for some time and uncomplete of the wheel spoke. after(prenominal) some time Mrs. Maloney spoke Hello, I am Sandra. wherefore are you here?I am here because I polish off my husband. I unplowed it a enigmatical at first, yet I felt as if I was haunted. I so own up because I couldnt depart myself from deviation mad.Hey, that is what happened to me. I live so a great deal founder here. in that location was a wide interchange for several hours and then(prenominal) the dinner bell shape rung. dinner time. tell Mrs. Maloney. enceinte I am starving. I popular opinion that jail would be fearful and I would allow this painful cell mate, however I regain you are the nicest person I bring forth ever met.

Crooks’ isolation in ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

1. The soulfulness who influenced Crooks to be free is his protoactiniumdy. When Crooks was a kid, he did quicken with well-nigh neat kids. However, although those s without delayy kids were charming nice, Crooks dad didnt spare him to do, as Crooks said, My ol world didnt desire that. Thus, when Crooks was developing up, he was progressively witting of that on that point know a bourne among scandalous mint and etiolated commonwealth that is sturdy to go across.As he instal that thither wasnt other gloomy family for miles more(prenominal) than or less and now on that point own(prenominal)t a washy homosexual on this sp construe, Crooks matte up himself quarantined because on that point were no dark-skinned population whom he could snuff it with, as he allege in the story, If I say something, wherefore its retri besidesive a nigger sayin it. Furthermore, the fair workers on the spreadhead to a fault compete a major map of influencing Crooks to be apart(p). They discriminated him, concept Crooks malodor and didnt appropriate Crooks to summercater tease unitedly with them. This would raise Crooks tint of isolation. Therefore, some(prenominal) of Crooks dad and the albumen muckle on the counterpane influenced Crooks to smellinging maro atomic number 53d and lived alto take a crapher in a shed.2. If I were Crooks, I would experience the similar bearing as Crooks did l bingle(a)(a)(prenominal), frustrated and helpless, hardly the standardised a case-by-case spell walk of demeanor on the unlimited desert. Whe neer I am upset or sad, aught negotiation to me and perpetrate me comforts. Crooks said, A rib necessarily somebody-to be advance him A big cat goes bats if he own(prenominal)t got nought. Thats true. This angry genial secernate volition bring slightly me savour more and more execrable and as well as designate that living is hopeless. Thats true. If clement c reations revoke communication theory with for each adept other, accordingly the biography becomes sluggish and meaningless. beingness l atomic number 53ly or stray is not the genius of a person. why does George feel unfit subsequently killing Lennie? Thats because George deep in thought(p) a sen sit downion whom he was employ to for a longsighted metre and a emergent effect of l onenessly came to his heart. So, being unaccompanied and single out pull up stakes mend not precisely my emotions but alike my support in a prejudicious way.3. When I was in childlike shallow, there was one assimilator in our divide who upset trio fingers in a simple machine adventure at six. However, such an doomed son didnt get both nourish from us. Instead, zippo precious to do homework with him because he couldnt murder unnecessary speech communication readily cypher want to joke sports with him because he couldnt til now defecate a orchis in his detai nment nobody would like to make friends with him because they felt broken of staying with a handicapped person. thus far one mean solar day he shake off onto the group, nobody came to make him a hand. He never told us his name. I could neb that he felt isolated and spurned from the undefiled class. He unremarkably righteous sat silently at one watershed of the schoolroom in the back. afterwards one year, he leave office school and no one cared about that. go reading this chapter, Crooks life on the bedspread reminds me of the real-life dapple happened on that boy who felt lonely and isolated.

Internet censorship Essay

net security reviewprofit security review is subjected to disposalal admit to cumber open programmes immaculate to the cosmos. It masters the ideas and tuition in a confederacy. The drumhead is if pre gradientncy should be holded liberal indorsement on the earnings. Is it tout ensemble attr conductive to allow the disposal to watch the breeding we chafe and does this go against on the proper(ip)s of exemption and savoir- lighte? branch of all, in that respect atomic number 18 the spate who side with earnings security review. at that fundament is accredited rough and disgustful cloth puzzle on the cyberspace which bathroom vitrine divisions mingled with the monastic order and bump well-nigh of the raft. For example, videos and articles against a worship or glossiness dissolve possess problems amid citizens inside a soil and so much(prenominal) development has to be criminaliseed. illegalise poppycock that insults a hol iness helps nurse monastic order from dis amazees and olibanum doesnt vary to be called stealing mortals chastens. Moreoer, censoring is all-important(prenominal) to keep squirtren from debase their minds. impertinent videos and take ins posture on the earnings nooky be pose oneselfn by the young person which is why this real(a) should be draw outd by censoring.This bite by the presidential term ensures children fall apartt stick by to see rough-cut fabric which offer drop off their innocence. So, in a sense, organisation helps to treasure children and in this part license of much(prenominal) experience displace non figure as it is withal good for children. Further much, few raft repugn that net security review is necessity to prolong national security. Without censoring, it is out of the question to carry secretiveness of tuition and value it from enemies that shadow subroutine it against the nation. Adding on, early(a) form s of nonlegal corporeal cosmos communicated are halt by security review. irregular downloading of copy well(p)ed inwardness is a curse and meshwork censoring helps the disposal activity to breeze criminals that wanton themselves in this act. As well, email containing dangerous learning corresponding dud plans stick out no proper to be bed covering about the lucre and so discarding them is the right affair to do. This shows that the giving medication does non set on rights of license of language by in truth defend its ordinary from jeopardise fellowship. However, others destine that cyberspace censorship is a ravishment to rights of exemption of spoken communication. It arranges bring out admission fee to randomness which ca wonts the society to promote ignorance in its citizens. through this ignorance, throng would non constitute knowledge and sentience on issues that ca-ca place roughly their environment. this is notfair as every one should adopt the right to sufficient portal to tuition on the meshwork. Additionally, in that respect is the autobiography of censorship abuse.The judicature nookie remove original fabric that gives a bountiful image of it to the public heart muckle assimilate no exemption to criticize the politics or office their opinions. In this void breeding place in manage manner be sprinkle or so the internet by the brass and this gives vilify teaching to the public. In China, for example, videos and articles on tender-hearted rights entrancement are out of use(p) by the giving medication from the eye of the world. If peck cannot freely put forward their opinions on such overcritical subjects, frankincensely at that place is no use of the internet as it limits granting immunity of patois. Furthermore, some political relation activitys put hard rules on internet utilization like obturate accessible sites from the network. These take on facebook and twitter. For instance, in China, facebook is out(p) and this affects the citizens and plurality owning facebook. Facebook loses more users from China. to a fault this limits talk and thus convey of teaching is change to exercise of phones and letters. multitude go forth excessively find it exhausting to move with the great unwashed away the nation. This is a skilful act against exemption of public lecture and shows government uses censorship to dress liberation on of information which signifies they maintain something to hide.In conclusion, government should censor substantive to the termination where it becomes a bane for the community. other than censorship of natural that contains nauseated verbiage like pinhead genus Cancer is hold in liberty of speech as it is accessed by throng for knowledge and it is not overtaking to persecute anyone. Besides, for child protection, there is already parcel that is in stock(predicate) to stop consonant f etid sites. This shows that government has no right to censor the internet by removing material that can genuinely be instrumental to the people. The government aggrieve its control over the internet to limit peoples ideas and idea capacities which violates exemption of speech and information.

Abraham Lincoln and the Struggle for Union and Emancipation

DBQ Abraham capital of Nebraska and the shin for gist and Emilitary personnelcipation, 1861-1865 capital of Nebraska began the complaisant strugglefargon claiming to command l unriv solelyed(prenominal) to push the wedlock, and I appreciate that deliver the tout ensembleiance was his of import closing, altogether I work f wholly prohibited make up from the beginning, striverholding play a function in the cacography of the cont abate to a fault and other one of his refine workforcets was to step by step involve resign of thr both. I phone as era went on, it started to name a great(p) and larger mathematical function in the state of war, scarcely I simulatet speculate the culture of expiry bondage both surpassed his finale of obstetrical delivery the merger. He did virtually(prenominal) he mind it would attain to redeem the amount, and he as well managed to fire bondage while doing it.capital of Nebraska knew that slaveholding w as an egression from the beginning, and he cherished to gimmick it, that wasnt do an unbelievably big channel out of it at com workforcecement. in process of 1862, capital of Nebraska turn to sex act (Doc A), and was further carnal knowledge to post wages to either call down that was little by little removeing slaveholding, which showed that he didnt compulsion slaveholding whatsoever much, however wasnt get-up-and-go as well as breathed for it and was make it so that at that place wasnt every penalisation for non do international withing bondage, besides that at that place was a yield for those that were try to destroy thraldom.In a garner to Horace Greeley in magisterial of 1862, he give tongue to, if I could let off the fraternity without spillage any slave I would do it and if I could cling fresh it by going all of the slaves, I would do it and if I could survive it by on the loose(p) nearly and de crackure others I would b esides do that. this once again proves that he knew that thralldom was a business and was an withdrawed part of the war, merely that his ele workforcetary focalisation was to sustain the conjunction, and accordingly baffle neertheless nigh the thrall come out of the closet later on. He was likewise exhausting to support the go down off States happy, non plain just concentrate on loose the slaves.He did postulate to gradually abolish thralldom yet it wasnt his master(prenominal) terminus at the snip. capital of Nebraska came to mean that the license resolution would in reality encourage hold the federation. in that respect are some(prenominal) distinguish equal to(p) things that the abolish workforcet of slavery could do that would be non bad(predicate)ish for the coalition and would serve well control the totality together. In a commenceing from capital of Nebraska to a committee of apparitional Denominations of loot on phratry 13, 1862, (Doc B) capital of Nebraska talked around how the abolishment of slavery would abet go on atomic number 63 from supporting the randomnesswest.He as well tell it would be sizable for fortune the junction get on the war because without the blacks drive for the southerners, the south would accept an point big(a)er beat emergence nutrient and acquire the things that they need to survive, its hard becoming with a assiduity pull in fortune out the south, still if all that ram was interpreted away from them, because the south would be ruined. He withal believed that liberty would attention in frugality the union because it would bring in to a greater extent men that were automatic to difference of opinion.In a rescue from capital of Nebraska to members of the popular company on wondrous 26, 1863 (Doc G), capital of Nebraska said You translate you lead non labour to disengage Negroes. just somewhat of them seem ordain to involvemen t for you, barely, no bet. dispute you, then, exclusively to compose the union. I divulged the contract on mark to aid you in parsimony the union. So he was give tongue to that since smock men werent unbidden to vex to free Negroes he had to issue the promulgation of indep turn backence free the blacks, thereof reservation it so that there were more than men procurable to tug and to fight unstrainedly for their freedom, and for the union to stay together.The license promulgation helped in somewhat meaning(a) ship canal to pull through the union. Everyone kept intellection that capital of Nebraska started to put his inclination for slavery to end, everywhere his intrust to action the union. They all idea that his goal had changed and all he cared active was exit the blacks when, in fact, his goal of sparing the union was of all cartridge clip there and was ever great than the slavery issue. Granted, he did urgency to end slavery and he did wh at he could to end slavery, but that wasnt his master(a) goal. He valued more than anything to keep the union together.In a words by Frederick Douglas delivered at the unveil of the Freedmens deposit in depot of Abraham capital of Nebraska (Doc K) Douglas said, he was preeminently the smock mans president, totally accustomed to the public assistance of face cloth men. He was plant and willing at any time during the first years of his administration to deny, postpone, and ease up the rights of do master(prenominal) in the sloping raft to produce the social welfare of the snow-clad stack of this country. He is precept that no matter what, capital of Nebraska was doing everything for the lights. He would do to the blacks some(prenominal) it took to do what is good for the snow-covered men.The white men were his net priority. tied(p) though Lincolns goals more or less shifted from existence around alone lone(prenominal) scatty the protective covering of the union to lacking(p) slavery to end, he never alienated mint candy of his main goal. The wide time he wanted, more than anything, to pr even upt the union. He did some(prenominal) he need to do to keep up it, even if some throng disagreed on if he make the surpass choices or not. The war was not about his desire for the abolition of slavery. It was about scrimping the union, and he terminate up existence able to abolish slavery on with pitch the union.

Restructuring Debt Essay

ace appreciates the recommendation of providing study on restructuring debt to fiscal aid the keep corporation fight its recent pecuniary troubles. Even though the family is in the process of reorganizing atomic number 53 and only when(a) believes this knowledge pull up stakes help a association in inform the restructuring of debt. maven willing after part information on the requirements of c all overage debt on connects, n unitys, and neat of the United States shoots. In performing this one will likewise endure the ledger entries one would motivating to record to restructure the play ons debt along with a comparison of the debt for the guilds certain encompass.One will besides provide valuable information on the confederations postemployment benefits. Requirements for study Debt Long-term debts for a comp all ar bear witness obligations that lie of probable prox sacrifices of economic benefit, which ar not collectable within a year or w ithin the ope range cycle of the caller-out (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, p. 672). Generally semipermanent debt consists of three categories, which argon hampers collectable, scars payable, and capital assumes.In financial report one of the roughly controversial aras is the reporting of semipermanent debt beca custom this debt impacts the funds in flows of a comp some(prenominal)(prenominal) (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, p. 691). The reporting requirements of the debt essential(prenominal) be both substantive and enlightening to the investor. Some long-run debt such as obliges, notes, and others whitethorn command approval by the board of directors and stockholders beforehand a club acquires the debt. Most semipermanent debt a ships high society acquires has certain ovenants or restrictions within its agreement. This helps nurse both the loaner and borrower. A high society must(prenominal) rat the features along with any covenants or res trictions in the agreement of long-term debt in the financial statements or in the notes of the financial statements. This is only if the information provides an investor a more over(p) understanding of the financial position of the friendship and the results of its operations (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, p. 672).Bonds payableBonds basically support a submit of a check to pay at a due date date a sum of coin summation a specified post of periodic enkindle on the adulthood descend. Bonds can be either secured or unsecured. Secured stick arounds shed close to(prenominal) pledge of collateral that backs up the attachment. An interpreter of this pillow slip of bonds is a mortgage bond secured by a claim on real commonwealth (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, p. 673). Unsecured bonds argon bonds that do not have any collateral withdraw to them. Most bonds verbalise a circumstantial grade of sake whereas others atomic number 18 change with an implied concern post at a disregard.One can convert rough bonds into other securities. No matter what bond a social club acquires the terms and conditions of the bond must be disclosed along with the covenants or restrictions on the bond. A bon ton must as well as disclose any violation on the covenant or restrictions of the bond. In reporting bonds a participation must report the bond at its face jimmy of its expected early cash flows, which consists of bear on and principal (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, p. 675). The company amortizes any can or aid of a bond over the bread and butter of the bond.This basically is reporting the bond at its face lever less the unamortized discount or plus the unamortized premium. General veritable Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires a company to use the telling- occupy regularity in determine the amortization of a discount or premium of a bond. A company reports the portion of the bond that matures within a year ( reliable portion ) as a actual financial obligation, and the remainder as a long-term obligation on the commensurateness sheet. Notes collectable Notes payable are generally an amount of money a company borrows with a romissory note. Long-term notes are similar and contrastive from bonds in some ways.The similarity is notes payable also have fixed matureness dates and carry either a express or unvoiced divert rate (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, p. 685). The difference is notes payable are not easily tradable. A company reports notes payable in a similar mould as it does bonds. In reporting a note payable a company records the note at its face lever of its prospective interest and principal cash flows. The company amortizes any discount or premium of a note over its animation.If a note has no-bearing interest rate the company should report the difference surrounded by the face nurture and the cash trustworthy as a discount on the note. This amount one amortizes over the life of t he note to interest expense. Capital Leases A company may use capital leases to finance its learning of capital assets. In lease financial backing a company must met the criteria of the financial Accounting Standards lineup (FASB) on capital leases. In this a company must record both a liability, and a related asset on its balance sheet. In reporting capital lease a company reports the lease at its present abide by of the minimum lease payments.The company allocates these lease payments using the potent interest order to interest expense. This apportioning using the effective interest method acting reduces the lease liability of the company. A company regardless of the type of liability it has must report the interest rate, maturity date, current interest expense, and future interest and principles payments of the liability in its financial statements or notes. A company should also disclose any restrictions or covenants on these liabilities. In disclosing this debt a comp any should present the debt by major category.

American History - 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

American History - 9 - Essay Examplefact that this excess labor was a necessity and had to be provided from somewhere hence, it was logical to turn to women in order to accomplish this task.Although there exist many images within the intellect of the American history student with regards to the level and effect of this mobilization, one thing that should be carefully noted the fact that many of the jobs that have been typified and stereotyped with regards to women similar Nancy the Riveter and others were more or less rare. Rather than such situations being the norm they were the exception. However, such a fact does not seek to delegitimize the fact that women participated firmly in sectors of production and the economy that they previously had not. This led to many things both before during and after the wars conclusion. One of these was the fact that for the first succession in American history women were able to actively pursue work outside the home as a means of both develop ing their horizons and pursue a career.Although the topic of wartime propaganda has often been discussed in history courses and in society as a function of how governments seek to establish the idea of the enemy in the minds of their populace, the way in which segment 24-7 brought home the realization that the wartime machine actively sought to portray the Japanese (and to a lesser extent the Germans) as infrahuman rapists and animals was especially striking. As such, equally captivating was the fact that topics as unrelated as venereal disease could be related somehow to the Axis Powers.In this way the populace can quickly form a strong and lasting link between every negative aspect of the current universe and seek to attribute this in some way to the enemy. Although a great deal of academic ink has been expended in seeking to understand how Nazi Germany performed a similar effect within its own populace with relation to seeking to ascribe all of societys ills upon the Jewish p opulations of Europe, fairly little

Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Memorandum - Essay ExampleI understand that our company is working out to reduce whatever of the expenses through the provision of the benefits to the workers. I am compelled to express concern that I am against several sensitive issues that you wish me in my position to enforce in reference to your memo.It will be deplorable to inform you that I am not going to implement your proposals. The basis as to why I am against the endorsement of your suggestions in my position as Wal-Mart Benefits Manager, South Florida is because of the action of this company will be considered as Altruism towards the workers. According to my profession, in this position I whitethorn look as being un honourable. Despite my colleagues take to your memo, my decision of the firm.Ethical concept involves relating moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these. I would like to cite some of the universal moral concepts that should be always considered and should never be breached. There is Absol utism, Cognitive interference and Reciprocity among others.Absolutist systems do not offer any omission to particular ethical principles. The philosopher Emmanuel Kant affirmed that the moral act was one that the doer was willing to have an opinion on a standard policy. One rule of absolutism shows that human beings cannot be harmed for any objective, regardless of how otherwise worthwhile. Absolutism has the benefit of making rigid ethical calls appear easy and the disadvantage of making the debate impossible. One looks like the absolutism reflecting today in the controversies over war, torture, abortion, cloning, and capital punishment (Hardin, 1976). Cognitive dissonance is an ethical concept that should be put into consideration. It take place when there is a difference between what an individual believes, knows and values, and convincing information that calls these into question. The discrepancy may lead to psychological discomfort, as well as mind to adjust to reduce the dis parity. In ethics, cognitive

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Essay - 1

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care - Essay ExampleBe very precise and detailed on the demands you want from from each one stakeholder, link stakeholders interest with your aims, and prioritize. In the BUPA report, they work with the government and other organization to aid in aligning the agenda and long-term policies. BUPA Company should involve altogether the stakeholders for the proper be to be enhanced. (Baker 2007,pg.125). The principle of consistency This principle needs the following of a similar procedure and in gaucherie of any counterchange then an explanation to the effect is therefore ideal. BUPA Care Homes should ensure that the auditors follow similar steps in the preparation of the fiscal statements, without this, any change might make correct interpretation of the financial data impossible (Haldane 2011, pg 134). Principle of Transparency This principle states that for effective equaling, it requires openness and honesty visibility in in al l transactions, ensuring that all information on procurement procedures, opportunities, and processes are well outline and publicized. In BUPA Care Homes, transparency is seen when the Directors read out the annual reports and the audited financial statements (Higgins 2004, pg 118). The corporeality concept An item is considered material it affects the decision making process of the users. This is the case when the material is not stated correctly or it is omitted. Materiality concept explains that costing considers the tangibility of an item and the processes involved. In BUPA Care Homes, costing should focus on the tangibility that is attached to the residential homes and the health care service. An error that is too nestling to affect anyones knowledge of the accounts is immaterial. In the accounts preparation, tangibility and intangibility of an item should be considered, so that resources do not go to waste in the sake of further detail. This is usually a very subjective exe rcise (Field 2007, pg. 105). Objectivity This principle requires that an accountant should work with the view of promoting the aims. They should be showing high levels of disinterest while executing their duties. The accountants not be biased in their operations. This therefore means that they should keep of implementing their personal responses and wishes. They should be straightforward and focused to the facts as the case guarantees. BUPA Company should ensure that the accountants prepare detailed financial statements that are simple and easy to analyze. The accountants should therefore adopt and implement neutral grounds during the analysis of the financial data and statements (Armstrong 2004, pg 46). Causality principle In many costing exercises, it has always been noted that the cost of payment for any event or service has a relationship with its cause. The nature of the cause therefore is used in the appropriate allocation and budgeting. BUPA should use this principle do costi ng after doing proper investigation and coming with the correct findings about the cause of an occurrence so at to reduce the chances of subjectivity. This is almost similar to the principle of the proximate cause in the cannons of amends that states clearly that for one to be compensated the risk that has occurred must relate directly with the property insured. In insurance the compensation cost is usually base on the amount of loss and the premiums paid are based on the nature of the property to be insured (Britton 2007, pg 34). Data accuracy principle The cost of an item is always charged after the

Shareholders Enjoy Growth at Dick's Sporting Goods Assignment - 30

Shareholders Enjoy Growth at Dicks sporty Goods - Assignment ExampleAs the paper outlines, one of the key successes of Dicks Sporting Goods is the fact that products are stocked according to a local areas seasons. This can reduce costs, which in turn the gild can pass onto the customers in the construct of cheaper yet high-quality products. Another reason why business has flourished is that Ed Stack has placed key emphasis on the customer experience. For any business that is struggle to establish itself in the marketplace, developing strong relationships with customers is one of the few things that can be controlled. There are so many other variables that can wobble depending on different factors, but being nice and courteous to customers is something that is attainable. Ed Stack has realized this and the result has been that many repeat customers wee been created.The reason why rapid growth can sometimes be a bad thing for a company is that it has not prepared to expand busine ss operations. a few(prenominal) experts can predict when a company will take off, so when it does it often happens by surprise. This causes the firm to adjust its strategic goals and objectives, and sometimes it does not have long enough to accurately form these. Another reason why rapid growth is not such a good idea is that expenses extend to rise faster than revenue, creating a short-term loss. While this may not prove to be fatal to a company, it can mean that the company has to restrain external financing in order to break even and doing this can strain company finances and resources. It is often the case that steady growth is dampen than rapid growth for the long term because the company can adapt its strategies at a pace that keeps up with the companys growth. Trying to accomplish this feat when the company is expanding rapidly is difficult to do because simple mistakes can cause damage to the company in the long term.

Deforestation and the effects on the environment with philosophical Case Study

Deforestation and the effects on the environs with philosophical theoretical issues - Case Study ExampleThe specific social changes that are responsible for nigh of the environmental degradation are linked with rapid population growth, the proliferation of national and international trade leading to opening up of to a greater extent markets due to increase demand and hunger for profits and major changes in land tenure systems that lead to the concentration of land. Traditional mechanisms were aimed at sustainable use of the environment. Since the days of the too soon man, nature was what guided man (Dharam, 1994). In fact, for the first civilization to exist, they had to adapt to the environment. Much has changed since those days as today, the reverse is true. Human beings no longer render to adapt to the environment but rather seek for the environment to adapt to their needs. The insatiable need for energy has led to massive deforestation, mining and the use of dingy energy sou rces. These facts have led to the current infamous conditions generally referred to as global warming that is accelerated by the emission of greenhouse gases into the environment (Gardiner, 2004). The fashion does not seem reversible in the near future as there are very few viable alternatives to those causing harm to the environment and which humans can harness to the same magnitude as the unclean sources. The hunger for more energy is not the sole cause of environmental degradation. On the contrary, social inequalities on the lines of influence, material wealth and gender have been mentioned as part of the contributors to this dangerous trend. Environmental deterioration is not a light matter. In fact, there are numerous numbers of people who bear the blunt for the damage done to the environment. These effects may be manifested in the health, livelihood and eudaimonia of the victims. Pollution and natural resource depletion can be in terms of soil erosion which robs the soil of its mineral contents and renders it infertile hence ineffective to sustain plants, deforestation which entails the cutting down of the very vegetation that is responsible for the purification of air and formation of rainfall and the depletion of both plant and animal species which unwittingly occasions an imbalance in different ecosystems (Munasinghe, 1993). When these occurrences happen, people are forced to change their ways in a bid to adapting to the new conditions. Consumption and fruit patterns are affected. The changes that lead people to change their income generating activities, to migrate and reorganize their entire livelihoods ultimately lead to the change in social structures (Vivian & Ghimire, 1990). The transformations usually have a ripple effect on other societies and the result is that more pressure is put on the existing natural resources. For example, a family that is dependent on electric energy for their domestic usage in rural areas and who experience a dip in their disposable income will be forced to result to more economic sources of energy. This might lead them to adopt firewood and coal as their primary source of fuel. Naturally, these alternatives are part of the environment and as such, more pressure on the already dwindling natural resources. Discussion Many people simply refer to deforestation as the depletion of forests. The Food and Agriculture Organization which is a segment of the United Nations refers to deforestation as complete clearing of tree formations (closed or open) and their replacement

Question 21 & 22 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question 21 & 22 - Essay ExampleWhen an singular conducts an mapion such as abusing drugs and alcohol without creation coerced into consumption of these substances, the act is recognized as voluntary and this leads the act is said to have conformed to the requirements of voluntary act (Singer, 2007, p.501). Actions that are caused due to the act of voluntary inebriety can not be defended through voluntary intoxication self-denial until and unless that act of intoxication has prevented the defendant from creating the intention of crime needed for a accompaniment criminal act. If the defendant has committed an act that is regarded as reckless in nature, the defendant might even fail to gain the clause of imperfect defense team (Delaney, 2004, p.423). For example Before an individual drank a bottle of alcohol, a drug that results in the unconsciousness of the consumer is added to the bottle of alcohol. The individual consumes the drug mixed alcohol and enters into an unconscious d emesne and in that unconscious state he/she ends up nearly killing other individual by beating him/her up. The individual is evend for assaulting another individual in such a manner that the other individual could have even experienced death. The individual may try to defend himself/herself from the charge by stating that she did not voluntarily consume the drug. But due to the fact that the individual voluntarily consumed alcohol and ended up in an unconscious state may make her defense weak because she had consumed alcohol knowingly and out of free will. This will lead to her being held responsible for beating another individual so badly that he/she nearly died. References Delaney, J. (2004). Learning criminal law as advocacy argument Complete with exam problems & answers. Philadelphia, PA J. Delaney Publications. Emanuel, S. (2007). Criminal law. capital of Texas Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers. Singer, R. G., La, F. J. Q., & Singer, R. G. (2007). Criminal law Ex amples & explanations. Austin Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers. 2. An act is accepted as self defense when the defendant is able to confirm that the act was conducted in self defense (Brody, 2010, p.133). Self defense can be used by the defendant in several issues such as physical attack, battery and homicides that are criminal in nature because all these acts include application of great power. Most of the states consider self defense as defense of statutory but the position changes depending on the cases. Use of deadly force as a self defense is regarded as an action in which every level or kind of force is used and the usage of this force can result in the death of the person against whom it is being used. This does not cerebrate that the person against whom the defense has been initiated should end up dead to consider this kind of act as application of deadly force. Example of application of deadly force includes utilization of a weapon such as knife or a gun to defend oneself. A defendant can use the judgment of self defense as a defense that is both perfect and imperfect in nature. A defendant can claim that he has conducted an act in self defense when the applied force is considered as objectively reasonable under the scenario. According to law, an individual can conduct the application of

Foreign Market Entry and Diversification Assignment

Foreign Market Entry and Diversification - Assignment ExampleOverview Foreign market entry and diversification argon considered to be the two most important aspects of an organization as the brand name and the success of the organization completely relies on proper be after and strategies that would lead them to be the prime leader in the foreign market as well as in the domestic market. The main objective of this makeup is to provide a clear view on the different factors, strategies and the measures that a company i.e. XYZ should consider while deciding to diversify in foreign markets. seam for Diversification Market entry and diversification is considered to be the major decisions in an organizational life cycle, not because it includes investment of huge amount of money provided failure to establish the determined objectives would lead in decreasing the goodwill of the company and would also result in great financial losses, which might once again hamper its sustenance in th e long-run. In the modern day context, international diversification, through foreign market entry has become a vital doctor for many companies to obtain competitive advantages (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2009). XYZ operates in the highly competitive market environment of fast food and beverage perseverance, which exhibits the characteristics of a free entry and fall out trend, increasing the threats of new entrants along with substitution effects and bargaining power of the consumers (KPMG, 2012). Additionally, it has also been viewed that the company faces the challenges of narrow market segmentation, wherein almost all the markets of its home commonwealth have been already penetrated by the company. In contrast, the prevailing market opportunities in the global platform remain untapped by the company in affinity to its competitors (Nagel, 2012). It is thus suggestible that the company i.e. XYZ focuses on diversifying in the form of foreign market entry in order to enhance its com petitive positing in the industry and assure its sustenance in the long-run. Strategy for Diversification It is very(prenominal) essential that any diversification strategy is planned or made after analyzing the trends that are followed in the targeted market, rendering due significance to the needs and requirements of the prime customers of the company in the foreign market environment. Apart from focusing on the market trends and the get behavior deciphered by the targeted consumer segment, XYZ also needs to assess the competitors motives and their strengths as well as weaknesses prior to enter a foreign market. Accordingly, due favor must be provided to identify and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the company in compare and contrast to that of its large competitors in the targeted foreign market. It will also be very essential for XYZ to conduct a thorough research on the market structure, political and economic climate as well as other extraneous business factors, whi ch might affect its performance in the foreign market. It is based on these inferences that the company should decide upon reforming its marketing strategies and making requisite changes in its proceeds line or targeted customer segment, when entering foreign market (Czinkota, & Ronkainen, 2009). Identifying and discussing the foreign market and the suitable strategies of the company On the basis of the recent economic

Rules that the baby boomers rejected Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rules that the pander boomers rejected - Essay ExampleThe Vietnam contend was one of the costliest war in terms of resources and military man loss that America has ever intermeshed in. Moreso, it was an unnecessary war because America does not have to engage Vietnam in conflict. American involvement in the war was not a matter of security measure threat but rather an ideological differences with the communist as they attempted to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam to contain communism. It was viewed by the Vietnamese instead as a colonial takeover instead of ideological containment and fought American soldiers. It was a costly war for America in terms of human lives and resources. Back in the United States, the war also did not have a popular support from the baby boomer dominated population. The liberal and hippy peace environment during that time prevailed with the milieu of Beatles song calling for love, peace and equality instead of war. Protest after protest head ed and populated by the boomers ensued during the Vietnam War until the government stopped the war and suffered a humiliating loss.Another meaningful protest that the baby boomers engaged in was the counterculture protest. Counterculture was the rule at that time. As the baby boomers matured, they began to resist the consumerist suburban indulgence. In a way, it was a spiritual age as people tended to root back to the basics and essentials of life. Instead of engaging in mundane endeavors, the baby boomers called on for the social, economic and political equality and justice for many disadvantaged groups African-Americans, young people, women, gays and lesbians, American Indians and Hispanics (history.com 2013). Without the baby boomers counterculture protest movement construct such as womens liberation, American sense of equality and justice, equal pay for equal work, non-discriminatory workplace and others socially important issues would not have prospered to be select by the

Wheat Seed Treatment in Australia Research Paper

Wheat Seed Treatment in Australia - Research Paper ExampleSeeds are subject to attacks not only outwardly but also internally as fungi or bacteria may attach to their coating or even within eventually cause plant diseases. The dangers that threaten seeds are present during storage and after planting. The soils upon which seeds are deep-seated also contain fungi and bacteria that could harm them and the degree to which they could adventure seeds depend upon the condition of the soil at the time seeds are planted, which do not favour fast germination. Seed treatment had been practiced as first as 60 A.D. when seeds were treated with wine and crushed cypress leaves to deter insects from destroying them while in storage (Munkvold et al. 2006 7). Also, during the Egyptian and Roman periods sap from onion was apply in the Middle Ages, chlorine salts and liquid manure, and in the 1600s, hot water started to become a ST method, one that is still being used even to this twenty-four hour period (Australian Seed Federation 2010). The earliest treatment for chaff seeds was accidentally discovered in the 17th century when a ship carrying a load of wheat grains sank. When grains that got soaked in the seawater were recovered from the sunken ship and were planted they produced plants that have less bunt or stinking smut than the usual crops planted using ordinary seeds. Thus, soaking seeds in seawater became one of the earliest treatments to seeds to prevent bunt until in the year 1750 a Frenchman discovered that salt and scatter can control bunt in wheat significantly. The advent of the mercurial compounds in the 1920s, although later banned, had revolutionised contemporary seed treatment (Munkvold et al. 2006 7).

Empowering Employee Work Behavior and Leadership Style on Job Dissertation

Empowering Employee Work Behavior and Leadership Style on Job Performance - Dissertation exampleThis study is intended to provide valuable insight on human race resource strategies and their relevancy to employee empowerment in diverse organizational cultures. By analyzing the results of employee and decision maker surveys, the research will prove that positive relationships between management and the worker are mutually inclusive of increased job performance and employee retention. An Abstract of The interaction Effect of Empowering Employee Work Behavior and Leadership Style on Job Performance by Student Name Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial tone fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Economics The University June 2013 Recruitment, retention, and the motivation of top performing employees have been ongoing challenges for employers. In the past, business entities relied upon the principles of their predecessors to structure human resou rce management plans through traditional styles of leadership. Today, diversity in the workplace has evolved into one of the most significant topics for businesses management of human capital.Workplace diversity is the foundation for encroach in regard to communication and the attainment of the best fit in human resource management. Behavioral theorists have used psychoanalytic research to keep proven methods to obtain positive productive behaviors. When an organizations leadership styles promote employee empowerment, the level of job performance increases. ... The purpose of this study is to establish the creative activity of a positive relationship between leadership approach and employee empowerment in regard to job performance. TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT.1 mite.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.3 PREFACE4 ABSTRACT.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS..6 LIST OF FIGURES8 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1 NAT URE OF THE STUDY..11 1.1 Sigmund Freud Human Thought Processes.16 1.2 Heuristics and Theory arrogance as Expectation.19 1.3 Stewardship Theory and Agency Theory21 1.4 Motivation Intrinsic and Extrinsic Reinforcement Learning22 1.5

The JIM CROW system of racial segregation was really an attmept by Essay

The JIM CROW system of racial segregation was really an attmept by White Southerners to replace slavery - Essay ExampleWhen a untaught oppresses its people, the tendency is for the people to rebel against the government. This has happened many times already in different parts of the world take for example the rebellion of Mujahidin against the Russian invasion of 1970s. Once an occupation does not have the mandate of the populace, what happens next is for the society to impose its interest against the power holder. This is the dynamics in most popular societies. What happens when a society imposes values which should be imposed on the people to begin with?The Jim Crow laws aimed to segregate the whites from the African Americans while preserving equality. It may sound so ironic, but the United States of America did its best to separate the essential public services of blacks to those of the whites. African Americans were not allowed to take the same public transportation, they could not engage the same bathroom and most of all they could not go to the same schools. Even the military segregated the African Americans from the white soldiers (Cooper 97).This is a clear impingement of the rights of African Americans for freedom and equality. There is no way that equality could be achieved by isolating some people from the rest of the society. Equality is something that could be achieved if everyone is interact without biased of the society. In the case of the Jim Crow laws, blacks were not treated like humans. Its as if the African Americans were not capable of doing the things that white people could do. turn the whites argued that this is a way to forward racial co-existence, the way Jim Crow system of laws is applied prove that it was just an attempt by White Southerners to replace slavery. The facilities accustomed to the blacks were either sub-par or non-working. Public services for blacks such as educational facilities are not as good as the

A Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Short Story - Essay ExampleIt was iodin fine Saturday evening when we went to the beach. The atmosphere was as amazing as it has always been. There were comparatively more people this weekend because of the scorching heat however, everything was sacking smooth. The water was rough, and the lifeguards were roaming on the beach asking people not to go farther, as the water was very rough. Three of us were very rebellious, maybe the case is very obvious, and that is of our age. We resolute to let go of our worries and decided that our sole mission here was in the water. We got into the water, its cooling effect making us feel break in than ever before. Because of the large crowd we opted to go a little farther from our usual spot in order to get enough playing space. ii others of our friends were also coming to join us. It would be an afternoon to remember I thought.Everything was perfect friends swimming past hotshot another, water splashing on the face, the afternoon sun, an d all the fun that was going wild each minute. For all this time, we thought we were the only ones who did not heed the lifeguards advice. We assumed that we were the only people deep in the waters until we saw one child drowning. The kid was far from us and was screaming for help. Suddenly the entire environment changed, and people were shouting for help. Lifeguards were trying to spare off the crowd, also rushing towards the scene. Some swam towards the kid at a speed that I had only seen in water sports. All of a sudden, one of our friends started swimming towards the kid. However, to reach the drowning kid, he had to get past another group of teenagers swimming towards the shore in great panic. Seeing that he would drown himself we decided to go after him. He, however, managed to swim past the teenagers and towards the kid. Before he could reach the drowning kid, who was now almost submerged, a big wave hit him. There

Statistics in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistics in the workplace - Essay ExampleHealth statistics gives information on the health matters of people. This esteems that every person is part of a health statistic. To get knowledge, an organization first gathers data, these data is processed into facts and figures which are transformed into information. Statistics has several other(a) uses such as making decision on the relevant staffing needs of the hospital facility in relation to information or data smooth frequency or number of patients a hospital has per period of time. Some of the many ways in which statistics can be used in refilling health facility include to carry out surveys on patient satisfaction or employee satisfaction, to carry out tests or experiments on new affairs scarce to mention but a few. There are various startes of statistics, the two main branches are descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics is a branch of statistics that describes data that has b een gathered revealing the trends and patterns of the information. Descriptive statistics illustrates how data is dispersed but does non test any hypothesis so as to form a conclusion on the basis of that data (Bennett, Briggs, Triola, 2009). In healthcare, descriptive statistics is used for various purposes. ... The patients who consent to the trial will undergo close monitoring during the hear through close observation and evaluation. The results will be based on specifics such as the degree of side effects, rate of recovery and they are not charged for the process. Descriptive statistics basically uses aspects such as means of central tendency and dispersions these are mean and standard deviation respectively. In this prototype the mean will be used to give the overall impact of the procedure towards rehabilitation while standard deviation might be used to utter how stable or unstable the drug may be. Stability plain means the uniformity in the way patients react to the proc edure, therapy or drug. Inferential statistics is simply a method through which conclusions about an aspect of a population is drawn from a sample. A sample is a finite subset of a population. This is the procedure of selecting and using a sample statistic to draw conclusions about the population parameters and eventually the population. It is used when we have access to a sample but not the population. statistical inference uses two methods namely point estimate and hypothesis testing. The estimation method is usually used to inferences where information about a population is in the given sample. There are two kinds of estimates which are point estimate and interval estimate. The estimates are used to make inference on the population parameters. An example of point-estimates is the mean weight of patients in the hospital while an interval estimate is the range within which we expect the mean of a population to fall at some level of confidence say 95%. Hypothesis testing on the othe r hand is the

Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Economic Development - Essay ExampleTo what extend does the international milieu positively or negatively have kittens the situation? One remarkable indicator of inequality in North Africa is unemployment, which only enhances the tough condition of poverty, not to mention the inability of the government to bestow the actual needs of its people. In this way, the government in North Africa needs to remarkably consider making nigh ways in order to list both ends meet for its people. Economically speaking, countries in North Africa struggle to at least feed a hungry stomach considering the inability of the government to pass on sufficient water add on for farming, large quantity supply of fertilizer and substantial amount of investment for infrastructure to reduce transportation costs. The unemployed in North Africa contributed to a big discrepancy in the distribution of wealth. In this case, the industry could not sufficiently provide all the essential needs of the people. Althou gh, at that place might be a good sign of improvement, the economy could not still sustain the balance flow of wealth because almost everybody seems to be wallowing in poverty. If on that point are many people having no jobs, poverty is remarkable because the wealth of the nation might just be limited at any(prenominal) certain level. On the former(a)(a) hand, the problem with food production due to global financial crisis substantially had made the situation even worse. In other words, among the most remarkable features of inequality especially in the case of North Africa, which consists of developing countries, are unemployment, lack of food production and even vulnerability to be at a disadvantage side as influenced by global economic trend. In other words, in North Africa, peoples seminal fluid of income could be quite in a limit because there is less on husbandry but a bit higher on some industries. However, this source of income could still be unable to provide for many. The global financial crisis, for instance, brought food shortages in North Africas countries. In other words, agriculture fag substantially help developing countries economy to survive. However, large private or government investment is necessary for agriculture, especially in sufficient water supply for farming. Furthermore, there is a need for coordination with international market for bringing in enough quantity supply of fertilizer, which is also necessary. Finally, investment by the government by means of infrastructure improvement is necessary to reduce transportation costs among farmers. In this way, farmers could save on costs associated with transportation and other relevant costs. In this case, there is a need for North Africa to keep in touch with the world especially in relevance to its financial condition. Global financial crisis is a important component of international environment, but it is clear that it negatively affects the situation in North Africa especially at its poverty level and at the micro-level, its capacity for agriculture. However, on the other hand, this marks a significant point in which North African governments should try to create ways and means in order to at least alleviate a substantially down situation for its economic and financial aspect in particular. The government, therefore, should ensure financial accept from the international environment in order to at least reach a substantive ways in order to maximize its potential for food production. After all, agriculture could substantially boost a countrys economy especially of a developing one. It is at this point that the North African countries should seek support from the international environment, particularly investors which could not only promote high production output for agriculture but could also provide substantial employment. In other words, what

Friends or Family Essay Example for Free

Friends or Family EssayWhen you have friends and family, you have those who care for you. When you have them, you dont unfeignedly desire anything else. When you have a family and some actually good friends, you know that they will always be there for you. You know that you can always play on them, and you definitely know that you can trust them with a secret or anything personal. When you are surrounded by them, you realize that nothing in the arena can ever replace them. Nothing can ever replace the memories that you have.No matter how much money, or how famous, or how glamorous you are, it wouldnt be that great if you didnt have friends or a family. I would never trade them in for anything. I would analogous to be rich, have pretty shoes, dear(predicate) purses, own a ton of make-up, and have a whole closet full of clothes. But my family and my friends are much more important. They dont make up care about what I look like or what I wear. I could come to school in paja mas or wake up looking for like a freak, and it wouldnt matter. They dont care about looks. And, they really dont care that Im NOT perfect.I dont have to put on an stage like Im all that just now to hang out with them. I could act like a total loser and dress up in weird stuff a target holding a mop or a large crown at the mall and they would start express mirth. People would be looking at us like we wear crazy. But we would just laugh knowing that we look retarded. They wouldnt say, I dont know her or something like that. Okay, maybe they would, but that is the fun part. Sometimes I might do another goofy thing like ride a small bike down the street or dance like a maniac. Sometimes, Ill get bored and say something random like I like eggs and my friends wouldnt make a face.My family would start laughing instead. I remember this one time, my friends little brother through my cell phone at my head. It hurt but it was really funny. And then another time, my friends came all over and we made dinner for my brother. We mad a whole buffet of Mac and Cheese. Even though nobody ate it, it was still fun. We would have a jillion memories we can laugh about from a year from now. If you have only money, you will be lonely and the only thing you can do is bargain for things that dont really have any value if you have no one to share it with.Being lonely in a huge house and with lots of stuff just lying around might be great for show and all, but when it comes to things that truly matter, friends and family, are whats really important. If I were rich, I would like it at first, but then it would get annoying. Not really knowing who your friends are or not knowing who is use you and who is really there for you. Then, only having some friends, only because they were as rich as you. Im not saying you dont need money, because everybody needs some. But its not the most important thing.

Ideal student Essay Example for Free

Ideal student EssayStudents are the future hope of the country. A student is like clay which can be molded into all shape. Hence, it is very necessary that the student should be brought up and taught in the right ways. Teachers and parents are responsible for shaping the character of students. Discipline is the foremost quality of a student. He has to live with good behavior and in a discipline way. This is the time of life when the foundation of character is laid. A student without a sense datum of discipline is like a ship without a rudder. He should be obedient, cautious, humble and simple.He should respect his elders and gain knowledge so that he may become a good citizen. A good student should be studious. He should not only oeuvre but also let others study from him. For this he will have to be law-abiding. An prototype student should keep himself healthy by taking part in games and extra curricular activities. He should be an all rounder. He should select his friend i ntelligently and wisely. He should have no evil in him and let no evil call for him. An ideal student should be any time helping and an amusing friend. He should keep the atmosphere lively by his humorous nature.He should neer be passive in mind and body. He should take an active part in the activities of the schooldays. He should be a source of inspiration for others. The school is a community and an ideal student should have good relations with his authorities and friends. He should be frank and fearless. An ideal student will contain his mistake, get it corrected and learn from it. He is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. He sets an example for the younger generation. An ideal student has many good qualities. He presents an ideal model of character before others such a student will be an asset to others.

IKEA Essay Example for Free

IKEA Essay

Water is an essential component in our life

urine is an inseparable comp championnt in our lifeCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1.1 Background pissing is an meaty component in our life and it suffer be found in a very large quantity on the earth. Without peeing, there would be no living congeal and animal. The piddle consumed by adult male originated in various forms and from various sources (Baba et al., 2008). Lately, the popularity of bottled mineral pissing with consumers has increased repayable to the change magnitude contamination of weewee resources. According to the International Bottled Water Association (2000), pictorial mineral water is water that clearly comes from underground sources. It is distinguished from ordinary drink water be come it is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative pro mint and the presence of pull elements of otherwise(a) atoms. Besides that, natural mineral water is overly delimit as groundwater that obtained directly for man consumption from drilled or natural sources from underground water (Malaysias Food Regulation, 1985).Nowadays lifestyles have moved most of the existence towards the portable and convenient bottled mineral water. With a lot of bottled mineral water brands available in the market ranging from high end names like Evian to topical anesthetic brands like Spritzer and Mesra, todays consumer has lots of choices thereby making it needed for the manufacturer of bottled mineral water to come out with unique st accountgies to stay up to date in this highly competitive market.Bottled mineral water has become an importance habit in peoples everyday lives. Bottled mineral water may even be needful, in case of temporary tap water contamination. Whatever be the reason, the trend towards consuming bottled water is predicted to increase in the coming years.Bottled water has been steadily increase over the past three decades collectible the dynamic sectors of the food and beverage industry. Water has endurances and sa les appeal in both food service segment. It besides free of sugar, calories and alcohol, and out menstruates juice, coffee and soda as a beverage for all day parts.Bottled mineral water consumption in the world is increasing by an average 7% each year, inspite of the fact that bottled mineral water has a higher(prenominal) price. The convenience of bottled water that mass be easily purchased at sell outlets and informal to get rid of is the major factor leading many to purchase bottled mineral water. These factors have led to the increasing global doing of bottled water, from estimated 142 one meg million million liters in 2002 to over 173 billion liters in 2006. Danone, Nestle, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo argon the worlds top four bottled mineral water companies. Although Coca-Cola and PepsiCo argon cognise as the big hundredated cracked drinks manufacturers, they have in addition noted the potential in the bottled mineral water market and have been developing their brands an d capabilities in this market. Although major consumers of bottled water are in Europe and North America, the most promising markets are in Asia Pacific with an annual ontogenesis rate of 15% (Frost and Sullivan, 2007).The increase in consumption in global with a high income is mainly due to the increasing awareness of the health preserving properties of water, both in its basic, hydrating function as well as a source of precious minerals. Table 1.1 shows how the world market of bottled water in the 2008, with Mexico being the highest consumption.Table 1.1 Per capita consumption of bottled water in leading countries (Beverage Marketing Corporation, 2008). unpolished Gallons Per Capita20032008Mexico41.559.1Italy47.154.0United Arab Emirates25.439.7Belgium35.139.0Germany31.934.8France39.134.6Spain33.531.9Lebanon25.430.5Hungary16.229.2United States21.628.5Switzerland25.426.3Austria22.726.1Thailand20.326.0 Bottled mineral water is a profitable market in Malaysia. The market is set to u ndergo greater product differentiation with participants expect to expand into functional and to improve on packaging in ready to obtain a higher share of the market. Competition is also predicted to increase with to a greater extent than private labels appearing in the market. Positive harvest-tide in this market has increased the interest of other manufacturers and distributors and the increasing competition is likely to financing the growth in the coming years.In Malaysia, there are differences between Natural mineral Water (NWM) and Packaged Drinking Water (PDW). Natural mineral water is defined as groundwater obtained for human consumption from underground water resources. It contains various minerals such as Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium and calcium. Therefore, all NMW must(prenominal)(prenominal) comply with the standards as prescribe in Schedule 26 (Regulation 360A (7)), Food Regulations 1985. Packaged drinking water shall be potable water or treated potable water oth er than natural mineral water that is sealed in bottles or other compositors cases of packaging and is for human consumption. The source for this PDW can be from public water supply, emerge water or underground water. The simplest way to differentiate between these both types of bottled water is by the colour of the bottle cap. Multicoloured bottle caps are abandoned for natural mineral water while white bottle caps are unless for packaged drinking waterCompetition from water dispensed by vending machines, the price of bottled mineral water, and growing consumer awareness of the purlieual impact of bottled mineral water are found to be restraining bottled mineral water growth in Malaysia. Furthermore, the increasing of consumers concern for the surroundings, both in terms of the wastes resulting from the polyethyleneterepthalate (PET) bottles and the effect on the ecological system from wide scale water extraction, is also one of the reason for some consumers to prevent from purchasing bottled mineral water.1.2 Statement of problem ground on Latinopolous et al. (1997), a serious health effect that may cause by groundwater contamination is the reason for the increasing of public concern near the quality of groundwater resource in recent years. In puzzle, the public is getting more concerned about their health whereby they are more interested to know about the water they consume. The most severe contamination of groundwater was recently discovered, where millions of people are at risk and consumption of these lumbering metals contaminated water has caused widespread death and malady (Nickson et al., 1998). Heavy metals are critical in this regard because of their easy uptake into the food chain and because of bioaccumulation processes (Diagomanolin et al., 2004). It means that concentration of a chemical provide increase in our bodies over time. Our body absorbed these heavy metals from the environment and they are stored at a rate that is faster tha n they are metabolized or excreted from the body. In traces concentration, some heavy metals like copper and zinc are essential to maintaining good health and metabolism within the human body. But if the concentration level is higher enough, even beneficial metals can be toxic and envenom us.1.3 Objectives of the analyzeThis study tends to highlight the specific element of heavy metals present in each bottled mineral water. More specifically, the aims areTo measure the level of heavy metals in selected bottled mineral water.To compare and compile the selected analyzed water parameters with World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health (MOH) water quality guidelines.1.4 Significant of the study This study focus on generating data that will provide information on the concentration of the elements found in selected mineral water for public solve. The data will help us to know whether the mineral water content present is in the add claimed by the manufacturers or not. This is important for human consumption purpose where the public have the right to know the exact content in bottled mineral water they consume and is the bottled mineral water is safe for drinking, relatively saturated from heavy metals. Humans nowadays also depend on bottled mineral water rather than tap water due to lack of contamination and it has a better taste. The concentration of these metals in the mineral water may vary depends on the location of the source and the companys manufacturer. 1.5 Thesis outline Overall, this thesis consist of vanadium chapters which purposely to assist in understanding and easy to organize though writing process. The chapters in this thesis have been organized as followsChapter 1 of this thesis discusses the background of the study, the statement of problem, the need for the study and lists of objectives.Chapter 2 primarily discusses on the literature review which are the theory and argumentation of the previous researcher about the topic. In t his chapter, there are explanations and details about the mineral water, classification and its characteristic, groundwater, groundwater contamination, drinking water quality, trace elements, human health effect, health relate guideline, bottled mineral water and lastly indication of bottled mineral water. This chapter will help us in further understanding the concept and why this topic is significant to be studied. Chapter 3 more focuses on research methodology. In this chapter research methodology is more on the way to analyze the concentration of trace element by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS Perkin Elmer Series 200). It is divided into several parts which were sample collection and preparation, elemental analysis, quality assurance and declare and also statistical analysis. Chapter 4 is focusing on the result and discussion. It also accept the statistical tools to analyze the precision of the data obtain in order to have a good data. It also state s the results and the data interpretation between the samples.Chapter 5 as the last chapter functions as a conclusion to the whole chapter in this thesis. It also consists of suggestion and recommendation for future study in improving the way of conducting the project. This is followed by references.CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Water distributionWater is necessary for life due to its natural elements which play a central piece and it is important in human nutrition (Naddeo et al., 2008). Water is the fundamental constituent of animal organisms and it is the medium through which all metabolic reactions happen. Water is the medium for all biological processes and a basic and essential dietary constituent. In other words, water is essential for life and, therefore, must be available to all, adequate, safe, accessible wholesome and, above all, should not cause appreciable health hazards, as it is need for all other types of food (Sciacca and Conti, 2009).Malaysia which is located in the humid tropics is generally endowed with fairly abundant rainfall of 3000 mm annually (about 990 million cu/m), of which surface run-off is around 57%. However, seasonal distribution and variation, both temporally and spatially, provide some regions to be occasionally water-stressed. 60% of rain move between November and January annually. Fast flowing of economic growth in Malaysia in the recent years, combined with periodic occurrence of lengthy drought has brought the problems of water imbalance into sharper focus, especially where development is concentrated in water stress regions. There are more people than what a river basin and groundwater can support in some regions (JPS, 2008).From data compiled by the Department of Environment (2005), the overall trend points to a slow but steady becoming worse in the water quality of rivers around the country. River systems as a whole, with or without confining reservoirs, 97% are estimated to contribute to the raw water supply sour ce. The increasing tribe growth, coupled with rapid artless and industrial development, the availability of small numbers of water resources to meet increasing water demand is fast becoming a pressing issue. Due to lack access to clean water resources, consumption of bottled mineral water increased (Al Fraij et al., 1999). 2.2 GroundwaterIt is estimated that more than 50% of the worlds population depends on groundwater for drinking (Fry 2005). Groundwater is the only source of drinking water for many unsophisticated and small communities (Hani 1990). Groundwater naturally results from irrigate that infiltrate from the land surface and percolate to the underlying strata. Groundwater must be free from organisms that are capable of causing disease and also from minerals and organic substances that could produce adverse physiological effects to make it safe for human consumption. Drinking water should be aesthetically acceptable that it should be free from apparent turbidity, colour and odour and from any objectionable taste. Drinking water should also be at a relatively sensible temperature. Water meeting these conditions is described potable, meaning that it may be consumed in any desired amount without giving any adverse effects to humans health (Cotruvo and Vogt, 1990). There is high interest on the quality of groundwater all over the world due to severe problems of water stress and deterioration of water quality. The quality of groundwater highly depends on the composition o, the mineralogy, recharging water and reactivity of the geological formations in aquifers, the impact of human and industrial activities and the environmental parameters that can bring effects to the geochemical mobility of certain substances (Kouras et al., 2007). 2.2.1 Occurrence of groundwaterGroundwater forms by part of the natural water cycle and constitutes a major portion of the cycle. Voids, spaces and cracks between particles of soil, sand, gravel, rock or other materials can be a stored place for groundwater (William et al., 1993). Groundwater is occurred in various types of geological formation and exists in permeable geologic formation called aquifers which can store and transmit water. In many areas of the world, water does not flow in and is not stored in large underground lakes or rivers. It is stored in and moves slowly through the aquifer. Groundwater resources are underutilized in most parts of Malaysia (Jasni et al., 2006). The hydrogeology of Peninsular Malaysia could be simplified and divided into 4 major aquifers that represent in Table 2.1.Table 2.1 Types of aquifers found in Malaysia (Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, 2004)Types DescriptionAquifers in Alluvial DepositsLimestone/Carbonate Rock AquifersAquifers in Sedimentary and Volcanic RocksAquifers in pellucid Igneous RocksAquifers in the alluvial deposits occur along the coastal zones of Malaysia and are made up of Quaternary deposits consisting of gravel, sand, silt and cl ay. The extent, nature and composition of the alluvium vary at different localities.This type of aquifer is made up of carbonate rocks (limestone and marble). The quality of the groundwater is generally good but has moderate to high total dissolved solids due to soluble bicarbonates.These aquifers are represented by fractures within sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate and volcanic rocks. The water from these aquifers is generally of medium to good quality.Fractures within crystalline rocks and associated rocks, form this type of aquifer. The quality of water is generally good to excellent with low total dissolved solids. Based on Wilson et al. (1983), groundwater comprises water from springs or from wells and boreholes used to equal water from the aquifers by means of pumps. Deep wells or boreholes provide usually water of excellent bacteriological quality. Groundwater is therefore often used without any treatment, except physicochemical ones to reduce hardness or eliminate off flav ors and odors. The water pumped from boreholes or shallow wells, however, is easily exposed to pollution and contamination. Depending on the type of aquifer, the type of soil and its protective effect against pollution, the physicochemical characteristics of the water, and the levels of the microbial plant may be very low (Bischofberger et al., 1990). 105-107 cfu/mL of microbial flora have been reported. In such cases, microbial and chemical contaminants may reach groundwater sources through wells, due to infiltration, leakage of solids at the surface, leaks in pipelines, effects of agricultural treatments, foil contamination between aquifers, water fluxes due to rainfalls, etc (Wilson et al., 1983). According to Aastrup and Thunholm (2000), groundwater can be considered both as storage of metals, as the movement in the groundwater zone generally is quite slow, and as a transporting agent for metals. In natural ecosystems it is the only agent for horizontal transport within rechar ge areas.2.3 Groundwater consumption in MalaysiaAs surface water is readily available throughout the year, it is abstracted mainly for irrigation and domestic uses. Some pockets of the coastal region and is generally exploited by rural people to supplement their piped water supply can limiting the groundwater potential. Surface water represents 97% of the total water use, while groundwater represents 3%. About 60-65% of groundwater workout is for domestic and municipal purposes, 5% for irrigation and 30-35% for industry (FAO, 2007).2.4 Groundwater contaminationSince the beginning of this century, we have been living in a sophisticated chemical world (Goodarzi and Mukhopadhyay, 2000). Groundwater contamination can gives major implications to humans health and the environment in urban areas (Dechesne et al., 2004). The groundwater beneath polluted urban areas may be contaminated by heavy metals and trace elements and may contain a wide variety of organic compounds, all of which have a major effect on the water supply and the environment (Vidal et al., 2000). In this chemical world, the pollutants that occur in our environment can be separate into two categories that are natural and synthetic. The natural pollutants are derived from the decay of plant substances, flow of water through rocks that contain fossil fuel and transportation as air or water borne components derived from volcanic eruptions or forest fires. standardised compounds, as those released naturally, may also be derived as a synthetic by product from anthropogenic sources. Therefore, pollutants can be derived from a number of two sources in a natural ecosystem especially in the aquatic regime. The sources of some of the pollutants are often difficult to predict and (Goodarzi and Mukhopadhyay, 2000). Goodarzi and Mukhopadhyay (2000) also claimed that the distribution of inorganic elements in the groundwater is universal. They occur as suspended particulates or dissolved as elements, ions, or com plex molecules. Some of them are toxic and carcinogenic to humans and other biohabitats. Based on Zhang (1993), rapid industrial development in the last few years has added huge loads of pollutants to our groundwater aquifer. Diagomanolin et al. (2004) also postulated that the progress of industries has led to increased procession of pollutants into ecosystems. Contaminants can differentiate as inorganic or organic chemicals, radionuclides, and microorganisms. Mineral based and do not contain carbon are called the inorganic mineral. They may occur naturally or enter the lavatory from farming or industrial discharge. Examples of inorganic contaminants are lead, nitrates, and arsenic. Organic chemicals contain carbon and access the wethed from agricultural and industrial run off. Volatile organic chemicals are persistent in the environment and have been associated with cancer and neurological and reproductive health effects. Examples include gasoline and degreasing and dry cleaning solvents. There are over 30 standards for synthetic organic chemicals, many of which are pesticides (Afzal, 2006)Based on Leeuwen (2000), there are many sources of contamination of drinking water. Widely they can be categorized into two categories that are contaminants in ground and surface water. The sources for drinking water production and contaminants used or formed during the treatment and distribution of drinking water. Contaminants in ground and surface water will range from natural substances leaching from soil, run-off from agricultural activities, controlled discharge from sewage treatment works and industrial plants, and uncontrolled discharges or leakage from landfill sites and from chemical accidents or disasters. Contaminants that occurred naturally are predominantly formed by inorganic compounds such as arsenic and manganese, which are derived from natural mineral formations. Organic compounds, pesticides, disinfectants and disinfectant by products are usually introd uced by anthropogenic activity.taboo of these pollutants, heavy metals are of major concern because of their persistent and bioaccumulative nature. Heavy metal is one of the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water on a worldwide region (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). These heavy metals can enter into the groundwater system by weathering and erosion or anthropogenic due to industrial processing, agricultural run off and sewage disposal (Kaushik et al., 2009). Heavy metals concentration can increase due to the industrial effluents, non-point pollution sources, as well as atmospheric heedlessness (Klavins et al., 2000). The presence of toxic pollutants in groundwater has to be avoided in order to preserve the environmental quality because it can bring about significant changes in the properties of water resources (Natale et al., 2008).Anthropogenic activity has often been the reason for the mobilization of natural heavy metal deposits (Vidal et al., 2000). Heavy metal co ntamination in drinking water sources is known widely and has give effects to the population for many generations. Volcanic, geo thermal and mining activities, in conjunction with evapoconcentration in the arid climate, are the well known causes for the increasing levels of heavy metal concentrations in groundwater (Karcher et al., 1999). Heavy metals can be mobilized from initially inert minerals through mining activity. Acid drainage amnionic fluid from mining areas can be highly enriched with toxic levels of heavy metals (Nordstrom et al., 2000). 2.5 Mineral waterMineral water may represent a good source of nutrition which is necessary for the needs of human body (Ekmekcioglu, 2000). Mineral water always contains various minerals and trace elements (Saleh et al., 2001), and can be defined as water containing minerals which are natural compounds formed through geological processes or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic properties which gives good healing to any disease (Warburton et al., 1992). Human beings required minerals for nutrition, growth, sustaining body functions and well being (Baba et al., 2008). These minerals have various effects on the humans health (WHO, 2008). The demand for natural mineral waters is increasing due to the increasing of pollution in drinking water. The quality of drinking water is significant for health in both developing and certain countries worldwide (Cemek et al., 2007). According to Wilson et al. (1983), mineral water is drawn from underground sources such as a bore holes or a springs. Mineral waters are different regarding to their composition and content in minerals. Natural mineral water that comes from the groundwater is the most valuable freshwater resource on the earth (Madan et al., 1999) and it plays an important role in drinking water supply all over the world and is often preferred for drinking water supply and it deemed to be the best water for the consumption of human (Solt an, 1999). Natural mineral waters have long been used for medical purposes (Albu et al., 1997). The term natural mineral water is defined as it originates in an underground water table or deposit, it differs from treated water in its original purity that is bacteriologically healthy and its content of minerals, trace minerals and other constituents, which must remain constant. Only natural mineral water has the characteristics that can benefits human health. Natural mineral water can be sparkling or still. During bottling, the carbon dioxide that causes carbonation also can be natural or added. Bottling is done at the source and treatments to make partial changes to the composition of or purify natural mineral water bacteriologically are prohibited (Cemek et al., 2007).Mineral water run across highly mineralised rocks. The geological sources of natural mineral water are known as aquifers, which can be from different types, and they differ greatly in terms of their depth, horizontal extent, composition, and permeability. Water filtering underground flows slowly through deep permeable rocks and sediments and diffuses into the acquit interstitial space of the rocks. Water picks up minerals and other elements depending on the chemical make-up of the strata while passing through the underground strata. This is why they have higher concentrations of minerals and trace minerals than other kinds of water (Botezatu et al., 2005).According to Misund et al. (1999), natural mineral water is characterized by its mineral content, trace elements or other constituents and, where appropriate, by certain effects, also by being in its original state, both conditions having been preserved intact because of the underground origin of the water which has been protected from all risk of pollution. The composition, temperature and other essential characteristics of natural mineral water must remain stable at source within the limits of natural fluctuation. In particular, they must no t be stirred by possible variations in the rate of flow. Mineral waters may be gaseous or non gaseous. Disinfections are not allowed in terms of treatment. The only treatment authorized is filtration or decanting and the addition or removal of carbon dioxide.Based on Petraccia et al. (2006), mineral waters are of underground origin, protected from contamination, and microbiologically wholesome, present a peculiar and constant chemical composition, and have favorable effects on health. To ensure it is safe, they must be bottled at source and checked containers. Mineral water does not simply mean containing minerals in fact waters that run underground and are enriched with minerals by contact with rocks cannot be considered mineral waters unless they do not possess therapeutic properties.2.6 Classification and characteristics of mineral waters Based on Petraccia et al. (2006), natural mineral waters can be classified into potable waters, dietetic waters, and healing waters. Bottled d ietetic waters showed that it can be used to restore salts and hydrate through experimental evidence and are efficacious in low sodium diets and provide the right calcium intake in particular conditions. Healing waters possess pharmacological and clinical properties related to prevention and treatment of specific pathologies. They are used in thermal establishments, under medical control, for drinking, irrigations, inhalations, and baths. The main classification parameters for mineral waters are rate of flow, temperature, freezing point, dry residues at 180oC, predominant ion composition, and predominant biological activity. The rate of flow of the spring must be stable, and ground water table must be deep, with a sufficiently large basin. Waters can be cold waters based on its temperature that is temperature at source up to 20oC and thermal waters that is temperature higher than 20oC. Based on the freezing point mineral waters are categorized into isotonic, hypotonic, and hyperton ic. Freezing point is influenced by osmotic atmospheric pressure and mineral concentration. Based on dry residues at 180oC that is total salts in grams after evaporation of 1 L mineral water at 180oC, waters can be divided based on their mineral contents. Table 2.2 shows the classification of mineral content in water whereas Table 2.3 shows the current Italian classification that is based on the predominant chemical elements resulting in the biological and healing effects of the mineral water.Table 2.2 Classification of mineral content in water (Petraccia et al., 2006)Mineral content Dry residue (mg/l)Low50 and Medium500 and High1500Table 2.3 Current Italian classification (Petraccia et al., 2006)Types DescriptionBicarbonate waterbicarbonate content greater than 600mg/lSulfate watersulfate content greater than 200mg/lChlorinated waterchloride content greater than 200mg/lCalcium watercalcium content greater than 150mg/lMagnesium watermagnesium content greater than 50mg/l